![]() Ranking functions map program states to values that are bounded from below and decrease as the program runs. We introduce a novel approach to the automated termination analysis of computer programs: we train neural networks to act as ranking functions. Under consideration in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP). The goal of the survey is to serve not only as a reference for researchers and developers of logic programming systems, but also as engaging reading for anyone interested in logic and as a useful source for researchers in parallel systems outside logic programming. This survey provides a review of the research in parallel logic programming covering the period since 2001, thus providing a natural continuation of the previous survey. This has been paralleled by significant advances within logic programming, such as tabling, more powerful static analysis and verification, the rapid growth of Answer Set Programming, and in general, more mature implementations and systems. Many of these achievements and ongoing research have been driven by the rapid pace of technological innovation, that has led to advances such as very large clusters, the wide diffusion of multi-core processors, the game-changing role of general-purpose graphic processing units, and the ubiquitous adoption of cloud computing. ![]() The contents are quite valid today, but at the same time the field has continued evolving at a fast pace in the years that have followed. The comprehensive survey of the first twenty years of research in parallel logic programming, published in 2001, has served since as a fundamental reference to researchers and developers. Since its inception, logic programming has been recognized as a programming paradigm with great potential for automated exploitation of parallelism. Multi-core and highly-connected architectures have become ubiquitous, and this has brought renewed interest in language-based approaches to the exploitation of parallelism. The main reason is that LP and CLP are effective as languages for specifying program semantics and program properties. 1998 Henriksen and Gallagher 2006 Méndez-Lojo et al. During the past two decades, the analysis and verification of a large variety of other programming paradigms -including imperative, functional, object-oriented, and concurrent onesusing LP/CLP-related analysis techniques, has received significant interest, and many verification approaches and tools have recently been implemented which are based in one way or another in a translation into LP/CLP (referred to in this context as Constrained Horn Clauses -CHCs) (Peralta et al. Having these systems readily available led to the early realization that analysis and transformation are very useful also in program verification and static debugging, as illustrated by the pioneering Ciao Prolog system (Bueno et al. We show that the framework is already capable of performing estimation, and it can be extended with more concrete information to yield better estimates. We present a formalization of the performance estimation problem, detail our solution, and illustrate its usage and validation through a case study conducted using a small P4 program and the P4C-BM reference switch. Then, we use the PRISM probabilistic model checker to perform the heavy weight calculations involved in static performance prediction. First, we transform high-level P4 programs into a representation that can be refined incrementally by adding probabilistic environment models of increasing levels of complexity in order to improve the estimation precision. ![]() We designed the framework using a top-down approach. This work presents a framework and software tool for automatically inferring the performance of P4 programmable network switches based on the P4 source code and probabilistic models of the execution environment with the hope of eliminating the requirement of the costly set-up of networked hardware and conducting benchmarks. As a result, anticipating all hardware- and software-related factors of network performance requires time-consuming and expensive benchmarking. Next-generation networks focus on scale and scope at the price of increasing complexity, leading to difficulties in network design and planning.
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Pivotally mounted to the block, as at 29, and forwardly of the fixed pointer 28, are a graduated dial 30 and a second pointer 31, the pointer co-operating with the dial, and the dial co-operating with the fixed pointer 28. Rigid with or fixed to the block 26 is a pointer 28. The upper end 25 of the upright 22 is slidably received in a circular cavity or recess made into the block or body 26 of the gauge proper and is secured therein by means of a set screw 27. The upright is secured to the spindle end 23 by means of a set screw 24. The gauge proper includes an upright 22 apertured to receive the end 23 of the spindle 10. By turning the nut 17, by the handle 21, to move the nut toward the hub, the jaws are caused to clamp the hub an opposite movement of the nut will result in the jaws releasing the hub. A coil spring 19 tensioned around all three jaws or clamping members 12 retain the cam portions 14 in contact with the cone portion 16 of the nut, or to yieldingly resist the clamping action of the jaws, a groove 20 being provided in each of the jaws to receive the spring. The outer end of each member 12 is formed with a cam portion 14 adapted to be slidably engaged by the conical portion 16 of a nut 17 threaded on the threaded portion 18 of the spindle 10. ![]() These three members form clamping means designed to retain the mounting B in its intended or operative position, the spindle being in alignment with the axis of the hub. Pivotally mounted to each of these brackets, as at 15, is a member 12 formed at its inner end with a jaw portion 13 adapted to engage the edge of the hub. 10 is a spindle on the inner end of which are three hinge brackets 11. B indicates a mounting releasably secured at one end to the wheel hub and carrying at the other end, the gauge proper C. Referring now by numerals to the drawings, A indicates the hub of a wheel to which my gauge is applied. In the drawings, wherein like numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in the various figures, Figure 1 shows part of a wheel with my gauge in operative position Figure 2 is a top plan view of Figure 1 Figure 3 is a front elevation of the gauge proper, parts being broken away Figure 4 is a side sectional view of Figure 3. The objects of the invention, therefore, are to improve on known gauges used for measuring camber, caster and king pin inclination. (2) Camber reading is taken from the hub on the bearings, instead of from the rim of the wheel or tire which may often be bent or bulged and thus result in inaccurate readings (3) A floor or elevated rack is dispensed with (4) The gauge could be used on an axle which has been dismantled from the chassis, by the addition of a centering rod and two cones, a modification which need not be shown. My gauge has been developed with a view to the following improvements or advantages, over such known devices, namely, (1) A very simple construction, thereby providing a gauge which will be within the means of the average garage keeper, thus enabling frequent checking up of camber, etc. The present invention provides a very simple and efficient gauge by the use of which the pitch of the wheel may be accurately determined, that is, the camber, caster and king pin inclination. ![]() It is, therefore, desirable to determine accurately whether the wheel is originally set at the selected pitch and whether, after use, it has maintained the set pitch or through wear or other causes, this pitch has varied. The steering wheels of automobiles are generally set at an inclination or pitch and while there is an approximate uniformity of the pitch in the trade, each manufacturer adopts a pitch or degree of inclination which he deems most desirable. ![]() My invention relates to a gauge for measuring the camber of a wheel as well as caster and king pin inclination. |